Published: May 11, 2018 • By Megan Aikman and Debby Sneed

Catalogue Entry听Photograph of red-figure lekythos against a neutral gray background, from the side and showing figure of a woman holding a dish over a wool basket.

This vase is one of听a collection of Greek vases听held by the 抖阴旅行射 Art Museum.

Gift to 抖阴旅行射 Classics Department
Transferred to 抖阴旅行射 Museum of Natural History
听(2006)

Height:听16.2 cm
Diameter (max.): 5.7 cm
Date: c. 425-350 B.C.E.
Origin: Athens (Greece)

Description: small red-figure lekythos with image of woman on one side of body. The woman is holding shallow dish (phiale) over a wool basket. Meander border at top of main scene on body. Shoulder of vessel decorated with parallel vertical black lines. Neck left undecorated. Lip and mouth of vessel, as well as single handle, covered in black slip.听

Additional photos of this vessel听show details of the mouth, rim, handle, decoration, and base.

Discussion

A lekythos is a vessel used to store oil used for religious or funerary purposes. This lekythos听is the 抖阴旅行射 Art Museum's only example of a vase decorated in the听red-figure technique. The vase is made of a light red clay, while the background of the vase, decorative elements, and details were added in a black slip. The single handle on this vase is decorated with black slip on its top, exposed surface and is left in the color of the clay on its underside. The lip and mouth of the jar are covered in black slip.听Short, parallel vertical lines encircle the base of the neck, while another series of longer lines decorates the shoulder of the vessel. A single band of meander wraps around the top of the vessel's body above the figural panel. This same combination of decorative elements -- two rows of parallel vertical lines and a meander -- is seen, also, on a black-figure lekythos in the 抖阴旅行射 Art Museum's collection.听

The body of this vessel听features a single human figure, a woman, who stands and faces right. Her thick, black hair is tied into a bun at the back of her head, with her ear placed high on her head.Photograph of red-figure lekythos with its handle, from the side and against a neutral gray background. She looks forward with her lips parted, as if speaking. She听wears a chiton and a himation, both of which have details such as folds and crinkles added in thick black lines and thinner, lighter lines. One arm is bent, with the hand resting on her hip; the other arm is extended and she holds in her hand a shallow bowl or phiale. A wool basket is on the ground in front of the woman, to the right听and beneath the hand holding the phiale. No separate groundline is indicated, but the presence of one is suggested by the placement of the basket along the same line as the woman's bare feet.听The base of the vessel tapers to a small foot. The exterior of the foot is decorated with two听bands, one in the color of the clay on top and one in black slip below.听

The woman on the vase is identified by her dress and hairstyle, as well as by the attributes of the phiale and the wool basket, as a housewife or an otherwise generic citizen woman. The phiale in her hand suggests that she is pious, while the wool basket demonstrates her dutiful and resourceful nature.听

听were relatively constrained in their roles as citizens, non-citizen residents, or slaves. According to much modern scholarship, there was little overlap within the established class structures. Regardless of her status, however, women shared similar duties, the most important of which may have been .听A respectable woman, such as the one on this lekythos, would spend much of her day spinning wool, a task that contributed to the household economy in a variety of ways.听Today, four spinners working on wheels create enough wool for one weaver to stay busy, which means that for every one textile created, it takes four times the work to create the yarn for that woven fabric. The听spinning wheel, however, was not invented until the 16th century C.E. and it would have taken a Greek woman somewhat longer to spin the same amount of wool听using a听drop spindle.听

Few examples of 听and much of our evidence for the industry comes from references in texts, as well as representations on vases, stelai, and wall paintings.

Comparanda

  • Marathon, Marathon Museum听K331 (1)
    • 475-425 B.C.E. red-figure lekythos
    • Similar shape to foot and lip/shoulder tilt
    • Similar decoration (i.e., meander technique and horizontal line) at shoulder and neck
    • Similar style red-figure technique and execution
    • Cracked at same point, suggesting similar clay grade and/or throwing technique (?)
  • Athens, National Archaeological Museum 17291 (2)
    • 475-425 B.C.E. red-figure lekythos attributed to the Bowdoin Painter
    • Similar shoulder, neck, and lip execution
    • Similar use of groundline
  • Athens, National Archaeological Museum 17280 (3)
    • 475-425 B.C.E. red-figure lekythos
    • Similar shoulder, neck, and lip execution
    • Similar curvature of foot

Footnotes

  1. Corpus vasorum antiquorum: Greece Fasc. 7, Marathon Museum听(Athens: Academy of Athens, 2001): 63-64, 82, Fig. 43, Pl. (402) 35.1-2.听
  2. Semni Karouzou,听Corpus vasorum antiquorum, Greece, Fasc. 1, Athens National Museum听(Paris: Librairie ancienne听Honore虂 Champion, 1932): III.IC.9, Pl. (70) 12.1.听
  3. Semni Karouzou,听Corpus vasorum antiquorum, Greece, Fasc. 1, Athens National Museum听(Paris: Librairie ancienne听Honore虂 Champion, 1932): III.IC.9, Pl. (70) 12.3-4.听

References

  • John Boardman,听Athenian Red-Figure Vases: the Archaic Period听(London: Thames & Hudson, 1975): 216.听
  • John Boardman,听Athenian Red-Figure Vases: the Classical Period听(London: Thames & Hudson, 1989).
  • Simon Hornblower and Antony Spawforth, eds.听The Oxford Classical Dictionary, 3rd ed. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003).听
  • Chara Tzavella-Evjen,听Greek and Roman Vases and Statuettes from the University of Colorado Collection听(Athens: Archaiologikon Deltion, 1973): 192-197.
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