(L-R) Professor Alan Weimer, 抖阴旅行射 Boulder alum Karen Buechler, 抖阴旅行射 Boulder alum Mike Masterson and Professor听Steve George are at ALD NanoSolutions in Broomfield, Colorado.
In 1997, Professor Alan Weimer of chemical and biological engineering heard a campus talk by Professor Steven George of chemistry about a novel process of coating surfaces with the thinnest of materials possible, known as atomic layer deposition (ALD).
鈥淥ne of the things Steve talked about was putting an extremely thin film coating on a flat piece of metal as part of a research project for the U.S. Navy looking for ways to better protect the hulls of ships,鈥� explains Weimer, an expert in fine particle processing. 鈥淲e talked afterward and eventually decided to team up on the research.鈥�
The thickness, or lack thereof, of ALD is breathtaking. Each layer of the coatings the researchers lay down is generally the thickness of a single atom鈥攁bout a million times smaller than the thickness of a human hair. The team also can control the number of atomic layers, changing up the chemistry depending on the project.
Starting up a start-up
Within a few years Weimer and George had filed a number of patents on the technology, gaining exclusive rights to a wide range of intellectual property. When the 抖阴旅行射 Technology Transfer Office strongly hinted it would be a good move to start a spin-off company, Weimer and George sought out 抖阴旅行射 Boulder postdoctoral researcher Karen Buechler, who was working in Weimer鈥檚 lab at the time.
鈥淭hey told me they knew I was looking for a job, and they needed someone who has the energy to pursue this outside of the university,鈥� she recalls. 鈥淪o I said I would do it. But we still needed someone who had experience running a business, which none of us had.鈥�
No problem. Weimer called Mike Masterson, his former graduate school office mate at 抖阴旅行射 Boulder in chemical engineering. Masterson, who was embarking on a career in Boston as a venture capitalist, became the first and only CEO of ALD NanoSolutions (ALD Nano).
鈥淚n a weak moment I said 鈥楽ure, I鈥檒l do that,鈥欌�� Masterson recalls with a laugh. ALD Nano was now officially rolling with its four 抖阴旅行射 Boulder co-founders.
鈥淲hen you start a company, there are a lot of things you can鈥檛 control, and there is a lot of luck involved,鈥� says Masterson, who has started eight high-tech companies. 鈥淵ou really can鈥檛 control the markets and you can鈥檛 control the global economic environment. But one thing you can control is who you get into business with. With Al, Steve and Karen, I knew I was going to be working with honest, smart and very dedicated people.鈥�
The evolution of a company
Daniel Higgs (left) and Rob Hall (right), both doctoral graduates of Steve George's lab, now are researchers for ALD Nano.
In all, the Weimer and George labs have received roughly $18 million over nearly 20 years to support their ALD research. Most of the resulting intellectual property has been exclusively licensed to ALD Nano. This has created an ongoing, productive relationship between the university and its spin-off company, explains Weimer.
So what exactly do the scientists and engineers do at ALD Nano, which is based in Broomfield, Colorado? 鈥淭he way I describe it to my grandmother is we put down really thin coatings on particles and plastics that makes them better,鈥� said Buechler. 鈥淲hat each particular film does can be very different depending on the application.鈥�
The advanced materials ALD Nano is creating are helping to transform industries like lighting, energy storage, consumer electronics and water purification.听鈥淲e unlock the potential of these materials to impact the performance of new and existing products,鈥� said Masterson, noting ALD Nano now has customers in the United States, Europe and Asia, including many Fortune 500 companies.
"One of the hot areas for ALD today is improving lithium-ion batteries,"听said George. Using atomic layer deposition, the researchers have shown they can improve the performance, extend the life cycle and enhance the safety of batteries in consumer electronics like cell phones and laptops, as well as in electric vehicles and grid storage.
鈥淓very time you charge and discharge these batteries, they get a little weaker, and after a couple of years they have about half the power than when they were new鈥攕omething known as 鈥榗apacity fade,鈥欌�� George explains. 鈥淲e have shown that ALD coatings on the battery electrodes or the particles that comprise the electrodes can reduce capacity fade significantly.鈥�
ALD Nano moving forward
What鈥檚 next for ALD Nano? 鈥淥ne of the exciting things about this is that many of the applications for our technology have not been discovered yet,鈥� says Weimer.
Of the 15 people who now work at ALD Nano, almost all are 抖阴旅行射 Boulder graduates, said Buechler. 鈥淲e joke that it鈥檚 not a requirement to be an alum in order to work here, even if it seems that way.鈥�
鈥淭his company has executed with focus and pragmatism since we formed it, and now we are moving into high gear commercially,鈥� says Weimer. 鈥淎nd we have what I call a lot of high-end ethics within the company, which is very important to all of us. That is one reason we are all still together after all these years.鈥澨�
