抖阴旅行射

This is a joint release of the Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences () and the Institute for Arctic and Alpine Research () at the University of Colorado Boulder (),听,听听and the University of Michigan ().

A team of scientific investigators is now in the Four Corners region of the U.S. Southwest, aiming to uncover reasons for a mysterious methane hotspot detected from space by a European satellite. The joint project is working to solve the mystery from the air, on the ground, and with mobile laboratories.听

鈥淚f we can verify the methane emissions found by the satellite, and identify the various sources, then decision听makers will have critical information for any actions they are considering,鈥�听says Gabrielle P茅tron, a scientist from the Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences at the University of Colorado Boulder, working in NOAA鈥檚 Earth System Research Laboratory ()听and one of the mission鈥檚 investigators.听Part of President Obama鈥檚 recent听听calls for reductions in U.S. methane emissions.听NOAA is the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.

Last fall, a team of researchers听听that this Southwest hotspot of methane was the largest U.S. methane signal viewed from space.听An听听on a European Space Agency satellite measuring greenhouse gases showed a persistent atmospheric hotspot in the area between 2003 and 2009, which was also detected by light aircraft measurements in the summer of 2014. For the current study, the Japanese听听Satellite, which measures methane, has been re-programmed to focus on the Four Corners region.

The satellite observations were not detailed enough to reveal the sources of the methane in the hotspot. Likely candidates include venting from oil and gas activities, including听a process called听liquid unloading for coalbed methane extraction; active coal mines; and natural seeps.

Researchers from CIRES, NOAA听and the University of Michigan (U-M) planned a field campaign called TOPDOWN (Twin Otter Projects Defining Oil Well and Natural gas emissions) 2015 to bring instruments to the region this spring to investigate possible sources of the methane hotspot, and now they will be joined by others from NASA and elsewhere. 鈥淭his is a grassroots effort which has brought in funding from multiple agencies to multiple investigators to better understand methane emissions from the Four Corners using an array of methods,鈥� said Eric Kort, one of the mission鈥檚 investigators from U-M.

The team will take a closer look at this region using airborne and ground-based instruments. The groups are coordinating their measurements, but each partner agency will deploy its own suite of instruments.听

From the end of March through May 1, NOAA, CIRES and U-M researchers will cover the Four Corners area with many platforms and instruments. A NOAA听听will quantify methane emissions from the region. Two听鈥攙ans outfitted with sophisticated chemical detection instruments鈥攚ill target specific areas identified by the aircraft to further characterize sources responsible for methane signals. A highly maneuverable, single-engine听听will survey the region to locate large methane signals and focus on particular methane plumes to quantify emissions at the facility-level.

As part of another NOAA field campaign, the听听(Shale Oil and Natural Gas Nexus) 2015 field mission, the听听also听will sweep over the area for one or two research flights, capturing information on a suite of chemicals associated with air quality and climate. Winds over the region will be monitored by an array of upward-viewing NOAA wind profilers and a laser wind-measuring instrument. 听

From April 17 through听April听24, a team from NASA鈥�s Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in Pasadena, California, will fly two complementary remote-sensing instruments on two Twin Otter research aircraft. The Next-Generation Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer听, which observes spectra of reflected sunlight, flies at a higher altitude and will be used to map methane听in detail听over the entire region. Using this information and ground measurements from the other research teams, the Hyperspectral Thermal Emission Spectrometer () will fly over suspected methane sources, making additional, highly sensitive measurements of methane.

With the combined resources, the investigators hope to quantify the region鈥檚 overall methane emissions and pinpoint contributions听from different sources. They will track changes over the course of the monthlong effort and study how meteorology transports emissions through the region.

鈥�This joint campaign is a win-win for all participants,鈥�听said Christian Frankenberg, a JPL scientist who is heading NASA鈥�s part of the effort.听鈥�It is a unique opportunity to characterize the region鈥�s methane budget using both remote sensing and local measurements in a coordinated effort.鈥�

The TOPDOWN 2015 mission is primarily funded by NOAA, with additional support from the National Science Foundation (), NASA and the Bureau of Land Management.听

The research team includes scientists from CIRES, NOAA ESRL鈥檚 Global Monitoring Division, Chemical Sciences Division, Physical Sciences Division, NASA鈥檚 Jet Propulsion Laboratory, the Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research at听抖阴旅行射-Boulder, the University of Michigan, Bureau of Land Management听and the state of New Mexico.

CIRES is a partnership of听听and听.

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