The 2016 Breakthrough Prize for Fundamental Physics was awarded November 8, 2015 for the听discovery and study of neutrino oscillations, revealing a new frontier beyond the standard model of听high energy particle physics. The $3M Prize is shared among the all of the scientific collaborators听including 抖阴旅行射-Physics Professors Eric D. Zimmerman and Alysia Marino, as well as 抖阴旅行射 postdoctoral听researchers Robert Johnson and Stephen Coleman, and graduate students Scott Johnson, Andrew听Missert, and Tianlu Yuan.
Neutrinos are the most elusive of all of the fundamental particles that make up the universe. They are听produced in many nuclear reactions. Since they interact so weakly with other matter, they can travel听all the way through the sun or the earth. Because of this, very large underground detectors have been built to catch and study these elusive particles. The 抖阴旅行射 team works at T2K in Japan, which generates听an intense beam of muon neutrinos on the east coast of Japan using a device built at 抖阴旅行射, and shoots听them through the earth aimed at the Super-Kamiokande neutrino detector deep inside a mountain听180 miles away on the other side of Japan. Professor Marino was also a team member in the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (SNO), one of the other collaborations cited in the prize. The Breakthrough听Prize was awarded for the observation that muon neutrinos can oscillate into electron neutrinos by听the time they reach the detector.
The Breakthrough Prize ceremony was broadcast live from the NASA Ames Research Center in听California on Sunday. A one-hour version of the broadcast is scheduled for November 29. The Breakthrough Prizes were established in 2012 to recognize achievements in three fields:
Fundamental Physics, Life Sciences and Mathematics. Laureates receive $3 million each in prizemoney, making the Breakthrough Prizes the largest scientific awards in the world.