Islamic Spain: was it a paradise of tolerance and religious harmony, or an oppressive and violent authoritarian regime? Was it a beacon of enlightened sophistication snuffed out by barbaric Dark Age Europeans, or the arena of a clash of eastern and western civilizations? Brian Catlos, Professor of Jewish Studies and Religious Studies at 抖阴旅行射, aims to answer these questions in his newst article now published on听the History News Network.听