It's getting warmer
That’s unequivocal; now what?
’s Nobel Peace Prize laureates
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change shared the Nobel Peace Prize with former Vice President Al Gore in 2007.
Forty-three researchers and scientists in Colorado were recognized for having “contributed substantially” to the IPCC’s work. Nine are from , and seven are associated with ’s College of Arts and Sciences. They are:
Roger Barry, distinguished professor of geography and director of the National Snow and Ice Data Center
Charles Howe, professor emeritus of economics
Mark Meier, professor emeritus of geological sciences and former director of the Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research
Diane McKnight, professor of civil, environmental and architectural engineering and INSTAAR fellow
Timothy Seastedt, professor of ecology and evolutionary biology and INSTAAR fellow
Susan Solomon, adjoint professor of atmospheric and oceanic sciences and co-chair of IPCC’s Working Group I
Owen Brian Toon, professor of atmospheric and oceanic sciences
Carol Wessman, professor of ecology and evolutionary biology
Tingjun Zhang, senior research scientist at NSIDC and fellow of the Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences
The concept that humans might precipitate climate change has been publicly discussed for five decades. Now, experts around the world — including many at the University of Colorado — enlarge our understanding of the science of climate change and help society make wise choices for the future.
In 1958, the National Academy of Sciences identified carbon dioxide and water vapor as “greenhouse” gases, which “allow the sun’s short-wave heat rays to penetrate to the Earth’s surface, but keep much of the long-wave heat radiated by the Earth from escaping to outer space. This heats our atmosphere.
“Our industrial civilization has been pouring carbon dioxide into the atmosphere at a great rate,” the National Academy observed, adding that much of the CO2 “will probably be absorbed” by the oceans. “Conceivably, however, it could cause significant melting of the great icecaps and raise sea levels in time.”
Those comments from a half-century ago, highlighted in August at a University of Colorado conference titled “Meeting the Global Energy and Climate Challenge,” originally appeared in a National Academy booklet titled “Planet Earth: The Mystery With 10,000 Clues.”
Similar warnings came in 1965, when President Lyndon B. Johnson’s Science Advisory Committee warned that “by the year 2000 there will be about 25 percent more CO2 in our atmosphere than at present, (and) this will modify the heat balance of the atmosphere to such an extent that marked changes in climate … could occur.”
The 1965 White House report said the climatic changes from rising levels of atmospheric CO2 “could be deleterious from the point of view of human beings,” potentially causing unusually rapid melting of ice caps and rising of sea level.
In the last 43 years, legions of scientists publishing thousands of peer-reviewed journal articles have brought the picture into sharper focus. The scientific consensus is that warming of the Earth in the last half-century is “unequivocal,” and most of the observed increase in global average temperatures is very likely due to increased concentrations of greenhouse gases.
Those statements come from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, which produced the most thoroughly vetted scientific assessments in history and which last year shared the Nobel Peace Prize with former Vice President Al Gore.
As speakers at the university’s conference on climate and energy emphasized, humanity faces enormously complex challenges. Leading thinkers and researchers at — some of whom made significant contributions to the IPCC — are helping society understand what we know, how well we know it, what the future might hold, and how society should strive to reduce the extent of climate change and its impacts.
What follows is a summary of researchers’ work on observed climate change, ice melt and ocean rise, long-term climate projections, and policy implications of it all.
“Climate change” sounds monolithic, but it comprises multitudes of specific transformations. University of Colorado scientists are among the many researchers recording the details.
Scientists don’t know how much the seas will climb by the century’s end. But given current trends, experts agree, the steadily rising tides will take a toll.
Climate projections help people make social and economic decisions. And even when impacts are uncertain, experts recognize a need to prepare. From Colorado resorts to African slums, leaders eye the future climate.
Polluting less is a good idea. But in the context of climate, experts say, emitting less carbon is not enough.